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Table 1 Nomenclature of damage types in on-axis tension test based on (Lomov et al. 2011a)

From: Recent advancements in mechanical characterisation of 3D woven composites

Code

Damage type

Direction

B

Cracks on the boundary of the yarns

Normal to the loading direction

T

Transverse cracking within yarns

Normal to the loading direction

L

Debonding on yarns’ surface

Parallel to the loading direction

Z

Cracks on the boundary of Z-binding yarns

Following the Z-binding yarns surface

MT

Transverse cracking in the matrix pockets

Normal to the loading direction

ML

Longitudinal cracking in the matrix pockets

Parallel to the loading direction